Hi, I'd like to ask how can I use sample statistics to estimate possible p-values?

4.66 Inuencing Voters: Is a Phone Call Better Than a Flyer? Exercise 4.39 on page 272 describes a study to investigate whether a recorded phone call is more effective than a yer in persuading voters to vote for a particular candidate. The response variable is the proportion of voters planning to vote for the candidate, with pc and pf representing the propor- tions for the two methods (receiving a phone call and receiving a yer, respectively). The sample statistic of interest is pc pf. We are testing H0 1 pa = pf vs H a 2 pc > pf. A randomization distribution of differ- ences in proportions, pc pf, for this test is shown in Figure 4.18. 120 100 80 60 Frequency 40 20 0 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 Difference2 Figure 4.18 Randomization distribution using n = 1000 for resting Ho : Pa = pf (a) Sketch a smooth curve that roughly approxi- mates the distribution in Figure 4.18 and shade in the proportion of the area corresponding to the p-value for the sample statistic fic 1% = 0.3. (b) Four possible sample statistics are given, along with four possible p-vaiues. Match the statistics with the p-vaiues 1'5, f:f : 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.65 p-values : 0.012, 0.001, 0.365, 0.085 (c) Interpret the p-value 0.001 in terms of the proba- bility of the results happening by random chance. (d) Of the four statistics given in part (b), which is likely to provide the strongest evidence that a phone call is more effective