High$-$performance work systems depend on the shift from touch labor to knowledge work.

Today's employees need all the following except:

Must learn continuously

Need to ensure they are knowledgeable and are able to keep the knowledge to themselves so that they can train others

A broad range of technical, problem$-$solving, and interpersonal skills to work either individually or in teams on cutting$-$edge projects

Need to learn in real time on the job, using innovative new approaches to solve novel problems