How can advanced computational modeling techniques, such as finite element analysis $($FEA$)$ and computational fluid dynamics $($CFD$),$ be utilized to optimize the design and performance of complex civil engineering structures like bridges and skyscrapers, considering factors such as structural integrity, resilience to extreme events, and sustainability? Additionally, how do emerging technologies, such as additive manufacturing and nanomaterials, influence the future of civil engineering design and construction methodologies, and what challenges and opportunities do they present in terms of durability, cost$-$effectiveness, and environmental impact?"