Question: How do civil engineers design and construct underground infrastructure, such as tunnels and underground storage facilities, in urban areas? Discuss the challenges of underground construction

How do civil engineers design and construct underground infrastructure, such as tunnels and underground storage facilities, in urban areas? Discuss the challenges of underground construction in densely populated areas, including tunneling methods, excavation support systems, and utility relocation, and explain the strategies used to minimize disruptions and ensure the safety and sustainability of underground infrastructure projects.

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