How do professional associations and expert communities diffuse organizational models? Question 15 options: Associations use material leverage, such as access to grant money, to coerce recipient states to adopt their approaches. Most associations have established techniques, codes of conduct, and methodologies for determining how to confront challenges in their areas of expertise, and they learn them through informal interactions and in formal settings such as universities. Associations emphasize the superiority of the "Western" model. None of the given answers are correct