How do we define a "marketing environment"?

Institutions and other forces that affect society's basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors.

The actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management's ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers.

Natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities.

The actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers $-$ the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, competitors and publics.