How do you turn data into knowledge?

A These are both names for the same concepts, so no action is required.

B You have to listen to the data to see what it's telling you, and then you'll know.

You apply data smoothing and machine learning techniques, and the decision rules this produces are called knowledge.

D You use lots of data to observe general ideas and then test those ideas with more data you observe until you can finally make broad, general conclusions. These conclusions are what are called knowledge.