How does McClelland's theory of needs differ from Maslow$$s and Alderfer$$s theories?

A$.$ Existence, relatedness and growth

B$.$ Achievement, affiliation and power

C$.$ Physiological, security, affiliation, esteem and self$-$actualisation

D$.$ Meaningfulness, responsibility and results

$4\mathrm{.}2$ It happens in the workplace that employees tend to compare their salaries and fringe

benefits with each other which could lead to unhappiness and resignations as they are of

the opinion that they were treated unfairly. Which process theory of motivation would

managers primarily use to restore commitment and motivation?

A$.$ Equity theory

B$.$ Alderfer$$s ERG theory

C$.$ Maslow$$s theory of needs

D$.$ Goal setting theory

$4\mathrm{.}3$ Which motivation theory emphasises the importance of the ability, traits and attitude

$($satisfaction$)$ of employees?

A$.$ Basic expectancy theory

B$.$ Reinforcement theory

C$.$ Integrated expectancy theory

D$.$ Herzberg's two$-$factor theory

$4\mathrm{.}4$ Which of the hierarchy of needs as indicated by Maslow, is described as the need for $$self$-$

respect, achievement, attention, recognition and reputation$?$

A$.$ Self$-$actualisation

B$.$ Physiological needs

C$.$ Safety needs

D$.$ Esteem needs

$4\mathrm{.}5$ Which theory seeks a fair balance between the inputs that an employee gives, and the

outputs received? Inputs are effort, loyalty, hard work, skills and trust. Outputs are

financial rewards, responsibility, reputation, and job security.

A$.$ Basic expectancy theory

B$.$ Equity theory

C$.$ Reinforcement theory

D$.$ Goal setting theory

$4\mathrm{.}6$ In the workplace you have to manage a situation where an employee demonstrates over

time a lack of motivation. Upon enquiry, you discover that the employee does not

experience his$/$her responsibilities as challenging and is therefore demotivated to do the

job. Which appropriate action do you need to take to enhance the employee$$s

motivation?

A$.$ Design jobs with high motivation potential

B$.$ Identify behaviours that could be rewarded

C$.$ Align rewards with what employees value

D$.$ Provide plenty of feedback

$4\mathrm{.}7$ Which founder of the humanist approach to management wrote an influential paper that

sets out five fundamental human needs and their hierarchical structure to assist

managers in motivating employees?

A$.$ Maslow $($Hierarchy of needs$)$

B$.$ Alderfer $($ERG theory$)$

C$.$ McClelland $($Theory of learnt needs$)$

D$.$ Hertzberg $($Two$-$factor theory$)$

$4\mathrm{.}8$ Sometimes employees are not satisfied with the physical conditions of facilities at the

workplace, which could lead to demotivation. Herzberg refers to such dissatisfaction with

work facilities with the following terms:

A$.$ Motivation factors

B$.$ Critical psychological states

C$.$ Equity

D$.$ Hygiene factors

$4\mathrm{.}9$ A manager needs to motivate employees by increasing the probability of a positive

response from employees. Which theory provides the tools for this kind of motivation?

A$.$ Goal setting theory

B$.$ Reinforcement theory

C$.$ Basic expectancy theory

D$.$ Bounded rationality theory

$4\mathrm{.}10$ Who summarised Maslow$$s hierarchy of five needs into three needs?

A$.$ Alderfer

B$.$ McClelland

C$.$ Herzberg

D$.$ Hackman and Oldman