How would you recommend the shear strength be determined for following design situations? Your answer can include both laboratory and field tests or in some cases no tests but some other design approach that may be appropriate. Be as specific as you can.

a$)$ Long Term stability of a compacted clay earth dam.

b$)$ Cut slope in an overconsolidated stiff fissured clay.

c$)$ End of construction of a compacted clay earthfill dam.

d$)$ Foundation on a soft saturated normally consolidated clay.

e$)$ Shallow foundation on loose dry sand.