i. Draw a process flowchart

A2Z Pizza A group problem set demonstrating process issues

Annie and Zo are two sisters that own A2Z Pizza a high quality, take-out only, local establishment. The Process for making their gourmet pizza follows an old family recipe. First mix together the pizza sauce: 2 cans tomato sauce, 1 pound minced pre-cooked beef, 1 chopped onion, and 1 teaspoon salt. Put that aside, then mix the pizza dough: 1 cup of warm water, 1 tablespoon of baking yeast, 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil, 1 teaspoon salt, and 2 cups of whole wheat flour. Now beat that dough until it is nice and flexible, then add more flour until it is a little stiff and knead it out onto a round shallow butter greased pan, rolling up the edges to about half an inch. Next, spread the sauce you made in the beginning and the toppings, including the cheese, specified by the customer across the surface. Now put the pizza into an oven at 450 degrees for 15 minutes-until crusty-then take it out and sprinkle a cup of shredded cheese across it and allow it to melt.

Their facility already has all the necessary capital equipment: An electric oven with two ceramic hearth baking decks, pizza pans, mixing bowls, dough mixer and roller, and pizza delivery bags. (Each oven deck can hold one pizza pan.) Because electricity is included in the facility's rent, there are very few truly variable costs: the ingredients average $3.40 per pizza and an extra 40 cents is spent per box. To fully specify the process, Annie has also measured all activities and must decide who will perform them. Initial planning shows that at least two people will be necessary to run the production process. To keep costs and risks in control, the sisters will work in the restaurant themselves. The first activity is to take the order. Applying e-business smartness, Annie has implemented a mobile -based order taking system. The advantage of the advanced technology is that order taking does not use any personnel time. Annie will perform the first three tasks. The first is to prepare the pizza sauce. This involves washing the mixing bowl and manually mixing all the precooked sauce ingredients. Sauce can be mixed for one, two or three pizzas at once; in either case, sauce preparation requires about two minutes. Annie's second task is to prepare the dough: mixing all ingredients in the food processor, followed by manual kneading requires an estimated three minutes. (Like the sauce, dough can be prepared for up to three pizzas at once.) Finally, Annie's last task is to put the dough in a pizza pan and to spread the sauce, including the toppings and cheese, onto the dough, which takes one and a half minutes per pan. Now Zo takes over and loads the pizza pan into the oven and sets the timer for 15 minutes. This activity takes about 1 minute. (For quality reasons, they try to avoid opening the oven during a baking cycle. Therefore, when they are busy, they would always load two pizza pans at a time in roughly the same time it takes to load one pizza.) When the pizzas are crusty, it only takes a second for Zo to take the pizza pans out of the oven. After letting each pizza cool for at least four minutes, she lets each hot pizza slide out of the pan and puts it into a delivery box; a task that takes one minute per pizza. Finally, Zo charges the customer's credit card, staples the receipt onto the box and declares the pizza order ready for pickup. This last set of activities requires two minutes per order.

Assume that (1) all orders are for two identical pizzas; (2) each pizza sells for $10; and (3) Annie is advertising made to order pizzas so that all activities in the process are started only after the order is received.