I. Key Terms

Directions: Define or explain the following terms

1. Philosophy:

2. Logic:

3. Deductive logic:

4. Inductive logic:

5. True premise(s):

6. Valid reasoning:

7. Strong reasoning:

8. Sound argument:

9. Cogent argument:

10. Probability:

11. Decision theory:

12. Utility:

13. Belief-type probability:

14. Frequency-type probability:

15. Necessary condition:

16. Sufficient condition:

17. Stability:

18. Statistical significance:

19. Correlation:

20. Causation:

II. Logical Arguments

Directions: Select the single best answer for each of the following questions.

P₁: No teachers are babies.

P₂: Some immature people are teachers.

C: Therefore, some immature people are not babies.

Is the argument above deductively valid or invalid?

Is it sound or not sound?

P₁: A falcon can fly.

P₂: A hummingbird can fly.

C: So, a penguin can fly.

Is the argument above inductively strong or weak?

Is it cogent or not cogent?

A Facebook poll revealed that 600 out of 1,000 respondents use Chrome as their web browser.

So, it stands to reason that 50% - 70% of all Facebook users use Chrome as their web browser.

Which of the following is this inductive inference an instance?

a) population to sample

b) sample to population

c) sample to sample

d) population to population

95% of college students in the U.S. take at least one course in mathematics. There are more than 13,000 undergraduates in attendance at the University of Hawaii at Mnoa. So, we can conclude that over 12,350 undergraduates at UHM will take at least one course in mathematics.

Which of the following is this inductive inference an instance?

a) population to sample

b) sample to population

c) sample to sample

d) population to population

*please seperate the answers and short explantions