I need help with: Please complete the following steps for your discussion post and response.

• Compare (similarities) and contrast (differences) ionic and covalent bonding.
• Discuss the valence electrons and electronegativity of the atoms involved.
• Give an example of a molecule formed with each type of bonding. In your example, give the chemical formula and the IUPAC name of each molecule.: Ionic and covalent bonding are two types of chemical bonds that enable atoms to form compounds and achieve greater stability. Both types involve interactions among valence electrons, the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, which play a critical role in chemical reactions.

Ionic Bonding

Ionic bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, typically between a metal and a nonmetal. This transfer creates positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which are held together by strong electrostatic forces. For example, when sodium (Na) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl), they form sodium chloride (NaCl), a common table salt. Ionic compounds generally have high melting and boiling points, form rigid crystalline structures, and conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water due to the mobility of ions.

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between two nonmetals. Rather than transferring electrons, atoms with similar electronegativities share their valence electrons to achieve full outer shells. Depending on the number of shared electron pairs, covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple. Covalent compounds tend to have lower melting and boiling points, often exist as gases or liquids at room temperature, and typically do not conduct electricity in solution because they lack free-moving charged particles. A common covalent bond is H2O also known as water.

Electronegativity and Bond Type

Electronegativitythe ability of an atom to attract electronsplays a central role in determining the type of bond. In ionic bonding, there is usually a large difference in electronegativity, causing one atom to donate an electron and the other to accept it. Covalent bonds, on the other hand, occur between atoms with smaller differences in electronegativity. When the electronegativity difference is moderate, polar covalent bonds form, leading to unequal sharing of electrons.

Summary

Both ionic and covalent bonds aim to achieve stable electron configurations for atoms, they differ in their mechanisms and resulting properties. Ionic bonds involve electron transfer and result in the formation of charged ions, leading to compounds with high melting points and electrical conductivity in solution. Covalent bonds involve electron sharing, resulting in molecules with distinct properties such as lower melting points and poor electrical conductivity.

References

Swanson, J. (2020) 'Chapter 14 Bonding', in Everything you need to ace chemistry in one big fat notebook. New York, NY: Workman Publishing Co, pp. 180-200.

Covalent bonds - Physics High School. https://newpathworksheets.com/physics/high-school/work-and-energy?dictionary=covalent+bonds&did=2285

Free Download Reactions Rearrangements And Reagents By S N Sanyal (amazingly Informative) - ChemistryDocs.Com. https://chemistrydocs.com/reactions-rearrangements-and-reagents-by-s-n-sanyal/

Chemical Bonding Worksheet: Ionic & Covalent Bonds. https://studylib.net/doc/25333478/worksheet-on-chemical-bonding