I will add some pictures from the chapter 2

Chapter 3

1. Innovation Plan a field trip as a group with your other classmates to an irregular settlement or a locality where marginalized/poor communities make their home. Spend your day talking to people and taking observations about their day to day lives. Remember to take down notes on aspects which you believe are major negative contributors to their quality of living. Develop a few clear problem statements; for example, water available to locals should subscribe to legal potable water standards, however, tests through portable testing kits show a high degree of contamination. These contaminants are the major contributor for disease in women and children. Choose a particular problem statement and discuss potential solutions with your group. Think about the frugal innovation process discussed in this chapter and create a plan to solve your chosen problem via jugaad thinking ensuring participation from of the target community. Finally, go back to the settlement and present your idea to the settlemen ts representatives. Request feedback and see how your plan might need modifications to be practical.

2. Brainstorming Form a group with your colleagues in class your aim is twofold; first, come up with an idea for a new product ideally (or service) tha t solves a known commercial (business) or consumer (general public) problem, for example, solar lights, portable water filters, alternate energy fans and so on. Use the creativity techniques described in the previous chapter to structure your thinking. You are encouraged to consider domains where your idea or solution might produce a positive socio economic benefit. Second, find a scientist(s) or engineer(s) at a university or research institute who are interested in your chosen ideas domain. You might have to make several attempts before you find the right individual one who possesses an entrepreneurial mindset and has a commercial outlook. They might have published research, tested equipment or produced prototypes that could provide the technological b asis for your solution. Interview them face to face and understand how the technology works and as to when it would be ready for commercial/public use. Develop a plan to refine, package and promote the solution, develop a timeline and investment requir ements to accompany your plan. Share this plan with your scientist/engineer partner and get their feedback.

Chapter 2 Practising Creativity How did the developers of the NeoNurture device overcome creativity barriers? Prestero and his team encountered both of the above described barriers; however, they were able to overcome them successfully and created a good solution in the form of the NeoNurture device. Initially, the team, consisting of individuals with similar backgrounds-mostly engineers with no direct experience of living or working in developing countries- attempted to design a more reliable and less expensive baby incubator for two years but failed. They were unable to create a usable device because the parts they were using were not readily available in developing countries and the fear was that should such parts breakdown or need replacing, there would be little possibility, due to shortage of skills and availability of local spares, for a repair or replacement. They were able to overcome the barrier of groupthink and 'confirmation bias' by giving credence to voices from outside the team to influence design-the Boston doctor, Jonathan Rosen for instance. Rosen's input forced the team to shed their preconceived notions and westernized design thinking leading to their 'eureka' moment. They challenged normative thinking and tradition' by asking fundamental 'why'-type questions, for example, why do modern baby incubators need to be hi-tech and expensive when the technology they employ is very similar to inexpensive chicken incubators? Reasoning from first principle Ask a question Gather evidence and do research Develop hypotheses-assign true values to hypotheses Draw conclusions-assign probability values Attempt to disprove conclusion If there is no invalidation, hypotheses are probably true Hypotheses are not true Communicate results What is Jack Ma's secret for the 'creative mindset'? Jack Ma has introduced us to a new aspect of the creative mindset, the 'warrior spirit'. Warriors are heroes; and heroes make personal sacrifices for the overall good. They are also brave and determined to succeed. Skilled warriors are well trained and can identify weaknesses in their opponents and exploit these to win. Warriors also make alliances and lead by example. Jack Ma's life history highlights the value of the warrior mindset: self-belief and pride in his heritage and culture, hard work, and a witty and at times seemingly foolhardy tendency to pitch his new ideas against very well formed and previously successful ideas. He showed flexibility and adaptability in how he configured and transformed his ideas to the extent that it became impossible for giants such as eBay, Amazon and PayPal to compete and outperform his creation-Alibaba. The real lesson from Jack Ma is that one needs to have a degree of certainty in their minds that what they know about the world is valid, and the extent of what one knows cannot be known by anyone else, then taking this knowledge and transforming it into something valuable that solves a problem better than anything else that is available. SCAMPER O Creativity Technique Your Turn to SCAMPER You have a cardboard box. Apply SCAMPER to the cardboard box. Record your answers for each on your chart paper. You may draw pictures to help you explain your answers. S: Substitute P: Put to other uses C: Combine E: Eliminate A: Adapt R: Rearrange M: Modify