If a cost$-$effectiveness analysis is conducted from the perspective of society, which of the following is a cost that should be included in the analysis?

a$)$ Direct costs borne by the patient, like co$-$pays and deductibles

b$)$ The cost of the services paid for by insurance companies

c$)$ The value of the time the patient and family spend waiting in the hospital for the patient to recover

d$)$ All if the above should be included