If host A receives two SYN packets from the same port from remote host B, the second may be either a retransmission of the original or, if B has crashed and rebooted, an entirely new connection request.

(a) Describe the difference as seen by host A between these two cases.

(b) Give an algorithmic description of what the TCP layer needs to do upon receiving a SYN packet. Consider the duplicate/ new cases above and the possibility that nothing is listening to the destination port.