In a five$-$year study, researchers conducted in$-$depth analysis of $160$ companies and more than $200$ management tools and techniques. What was their principal finding?

In a five$-$year study, researchers conducted in$-$depth analysis of $160$ companies and more than $200$ management tools and techniques. What was their principal finding?

The Internet was more effective in terms of long$-$term sales success than the use of retail outlets or direct marketing tactics such as catalogs.

Customer relationship management was more effective than product development.

Individual management tools and techniques had no direct relationship to superior business performance in the companies that were studied.

Supply chain management was the most critical element in stellar business performance.

Three major management tools$$supply chain management, customer relationship management, and the use of an intranet$$were equally beneficial in terms of business performance.