Question: In a q , , each level in the supply chain operates under independent ownership. In other words, the producers and their suppliers, as well

In a q,, each level in the supply chain operates under independent ownership. In other words, the producers and their suppliers, as well as all downstream marketing intermediaries (wholesaling middlemen and retailers) are separate business entities.
Vertical marketing system
Horizontal marketing system
Traditional supply chain.
Conventional supply chain
In a q , , each level in the supply chain

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