In a recent task force meeting, the human resources manager gavermany reasons

why the organization needed some specialization. In so doing, she stated that

inefficient at that only a specific, highly specialized task becomes

a worker who does the same job over and over loses time changing from one

operation to another.

the more specialized the job, the harder it may be to design specialized

equipment for those doing it$.$

the more specialized the job, the easier it is to train new employees when an

employee quits or is absent$.$

the job of most organizations is simply too large for one person to handle.

Several people carin

Although departmentalization may be determined within an organization on the

basis of one criterion, such as location, most organizations find

be a more efficient means of conducting business.

decentralization

more than one basis for departmentalization

delegation of authority

centralization

managerial decision making

When Panasonic improves the sound, clarity, and ease of operation offered by its

DVD player, it is

shortening its product life cycle.

extending its basic research.

redistributing its product.

refining its existing product.

reducing the DVD player's functionality.