In addition to stack$-$based buffer overlow attacks $($i$.$e$.,$ smashing the stack$),$ heap overlows can sometimes be exploited. Consider the following C source code, which illustrates a heap overlow.

a$)$ Compile and execute this program. What is printed?

b$)$ Explain the results you obtained in part a$).$

c$)$ Explain how a heap overlow might be exploited by Trudy.