In depth respond to the below post. Include two apa sources and one bible verse. Make 2 questions for each response to help them develop their research more

Concept formation stands before the stage of quantification. This means that the process requires the formation of a thought before making observations. "Hence the rules of concept formation are independent of, and cannot be derived from, the rules which govern the treatment of quantities and quantitative relations." (Sartori, 1970, p 1038). Additionally, some major aspects associated with concept formation are the identification of common features and categorization. Addressing the identification of common features involves the ability to recognize common characteristics within time. "The major premise is, then, that quantification enters the scene after, and only after, having formed the concept." (Sartori, 1970, p 1038). Additionally, implementing the categorization process will enable the grouping of similar objects, concepts, or events to be put in a common category.

Some common problems associated with conceptualization are choices that arise in establishing the systematized concept which coincides with not misconstruing the flexibility inherent in these choices as suggesting that everything is up for grabs, scholars avoiding the claiming of defending their choice of a given systematized concept, as well as scholars stopping short of providing a fleshed-out account of heir systematized concept (Adcock, 2001,p 532).

It should be noted that Measurement serves to bridge __Concept__ with __Observation__.

Observable implications are outcomes that can be derived from a theory, or hypothesis. By default, this can be testable, which will allow the opportunity to determine if the theory is correct or not. This process (i.e., observable implication) allows researchers to empirically validate theories if they fall in line with the outcomes and/or occurrences in the real world. This is in effect a type of validation. "The pragmatist researchers look to the what and how to research based on the intended consequences." (Creswell, 2023, p 12).

Measurement validity refers to the accuracy of a measurement. This by default tries to ensure that the inferences and conclusions drawn from the measurement are sound or spot on. To establish measurement validity, it is necessary to define the concept clearly, establish content validity, construct validity by utilizing mathematical methods of checking, and compare measurements to specific criteria of measurement.

A dependent variable is the variable in a study that is observed and/or measured to determine the effects of independent variables. The dependent variable is measured in the study or experiment which is influenced or affected by the overall study which is the independent variable. This is typically comprised of data points that are measured in an experimental study. To further note, dependent variables represent changes caused by independent variables, which are comprised of all aspects that define their measurement in the context of the study. Aspects of what dependent variables are comprised of are, 1) dependent variables should be dependent, 2) It's critical not to select observations that are based on dependent variables which in turn will cause the dependent variables to be constant, and 3) choose a dependent variable that will reinforce the variation we wish to explain (King, 1994, p 108).

From a national security perspective, a possible dependent variable in energy security related to small modular reactors (SMRs)could be "The enhancement of national energy resilience and security."

The way I followed the rules for selecting a dependent variable was to select a dependent variable for energy security related to small modular reactors (SMRs) from a national security perspective by first defining the research objective clearly and concisely, ensuring the relevance to national security, ensure that variables fall in line with reliability/availability and cost constraints, identify variables by function, establish or reflect the impact on SMRs, and ensure the practical outcome of the study as it relates to policy.

The two possible observable implications for the enhancement of national energy resilience and security, specifically related to small modular reactors (SMRs) are the reduction in energy supply interruption and increased energy independence.