- In Lambda Calculus, Beta reduction is analogous to what common programming language feature?

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Given a two element list with numbers 2 and 3

Give two examples (one in Haskell and one in Prolog) that defines the previous list and uses a "cons" operator to add the digit 1 to the head of this list.

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In Haskell, the less-than function, <, has the following type: (<) :: Ord a -> a -> a -> Bool

In three sentences or less, briefly explain what this type means.