1. In R programming language, For the seed: "MHID9870"
   1. Create the UTF8 encoding.
   2. Create the 8 bit binary form for the results of a).
   3. Split the strings into individual bits.
   4. Unlist the result of c).
   5. Put the results of d) into one integer vector. Fill three variables x, y, and z with the results of 3 such that x gets the first 19, y gets the next 22, and z gets the last 23 bits. Initialize an integer vector k of length 128. Find the majority value for x[9], y[11] and z[11]. Write code for the following: if x steps then shift x to the right by 1 bit. Next assign the appropriate value to x[1]. Do the same for y and z. Create key stream bit by XOR-in the appropriate bits from x, y, and z vectors. Write a function for the above and create a 128 bit key stream with "MHID9870" seed. Your function should contain two parameters: a seed and a key length. Then Create a function that takes a seed and the number of bits as an input and creates a keystream equal to the size of the bits specified using the A 5/1 algorithm. Then Create an A 5/1 encryption algorithm using the function. Then Create an A 5/1 decryption algorithm using the function.