In some cultures, a $$we can do it$$ orientation is prevalent. In other cultures, people tend to feel like outcomes are determined by forces that are beyond their control, i$.$e$.,$what will be$,$ will be$.$

Cultures that differ from each other in this manner are located near opposite ends of the

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continuum, which the authors classify as a$($n$)$

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value. The authors cite Western Europe as an example of a region whose culture is near the

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end of the continuum.