In studies in which formal planning did not lead to higher performance, ____________. 

a. the external environment often was the culprit 

b. management execution of the plans was most often the reason for failure 

c. employee implementation of the plans was the primary reason for failure 

d. lack of communication was most often the reason for failure

Answer rating: 100% (QA)

Correct answer the external environment often was the culprit Explanatio... View the full answer