In the case Marburry vs$.$ Madison $(1803)$ Chief Justice Marshall applied the concept

of judicial review in his ruling on the case. Judicial review refers to

the federal judiciary has the implied power to legislate from the bench

the federal government has the right to regulate intrastate commerce

the judiciary has the implied power to determine the constitutionality of U$.$S$.$ law

states can nullify a federal law if the state disagrees with the law; this doctrine is

referred to as nullification.