In the context of rating errors, a contrast error occurs when a manager assigns relatively high or lenient ratings to all employees.

1. True
2. False

In the context of unionization, which of the following refers to a specifically defined group of employees who are eligible for representation by the union?

1. A worker thread

2. The bargaining unit

3. A contingent workforce

4. The labor council

Which of the following is a disadvantage of ranking methods for performance appraisals?

1. They provide no information about the difference between the persons ranked first and second.

2. They are complex and difficult to implement.

3. They do not result in a normal distribution of performance ratings.

4. They require raters to keep a log to record critical incidents that reflect good and bad performance on the part of individual employees.

Which of the following statements is true of performance management?

1. It prevents employees from reaching the disengagement stage of their careers.

2. It aims to promote ethnocentric behavior in the workplace.

3. It is the ultimate goal of performance-appraisal activities.

4. It is a more specific process than performance appraisal.