In the lesson, the statement was made that "Under the laws of war, combatants must carry their arms openly and be readily identified as combatants by the uniforms they wear. The main purpose of this is to allow opposing military forces to distinguish between combatants and noncombatant civilians, and target only lawful combatants. Yet, almost no cyber warrior wears a uniform. Nor are they readily distinguishable from noncombatant civilians. Indeed, one of the principal tactics of a cyber$-$warrior is to hide his actions behind the veneer of seemingly innocent civilian activity $($an innocuous e$-$mail for example$)."$ Is this truly an issue or has it been adequately resolved on an international level?

It is not a concern since the Tallinn Manual has defined anybody who conducts a cyber attack as a lawful combatant.

It is not a concern since international laws now extend to cyberspace so that only the military can conduct this sort of activity.

It is still a concern begause the question is still unanswered as to whether non$-$uniform cyber soldiers are not entitled to the protections of those laws when identified or captured. No laws have specifically addressed this issue.

It is not an issue since the issue concerning combatants only applies in an actual armed conflict $($war$)$ and cyber attacks are not considered an armed attack or conflict.