In-depth analysis and ample examples are required to discuss topics or questions given below. Supporting the discussion with relevant theory and literature is necessary. The minimum length of the write-up should be 21 pages. Provide reputable sources for each sentence or paragraph. Compile a list of references ranging from 2018 to 2023.

1. Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Preventive Maintenance in Railway Infrastructure.

1.1. The Need for Planned and Preventative Maintenance in South African Rail Infrastructure. (2 pages, provide reliable sources ranging from 2018 to 2023)

1.2. Role of Building Information Modelling in Proactive and Preventative Maintenance of Railway Infrastructure. (2 pages, provide reliable sources ranging from 2018 to 2023)

1.3. Maximizing Operational Efficiency of Railway Infrastructure through BIM. (2 pages, provide reliable sources ranging from 2018 to 2023)

2. Expanding Railway Infrastructure for Economic Growth and Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions.

2.1. Railway Expansion as a Climate-Smart and Efficient Solution. (3 pages, provide reliable sources ranging from 2018 to 2023)

2.2. Addressing Regional Differences and Energy-Efficient Solutions in Railway Expansion. (3 pages, provide reliable sources ranging from 2018 to 2023)

2.3. Integrated Value Chain Approach to Railway Expansion. (3 pages, provide reliable sources ranging from 2018 to 2023)

3. Measuring Performance in South African Passenger Rail Transport.

3.1. Customer Perspective in Railway Performance Measurement. (2 pages, provide reliable sources ranging from 2018 to 2023)

3.2. Assessment Methods and Tools for Railway Performance Measurement. (2 pages, provide reliable sources ranging from 2018 to 2023)

3.3. Empirical Analysis on South African Passenger Rail Transport Performance. (2 pages, provide reliable sources ranging from 2018 to 2023)