Individual Problems $1-5$

Planes frequently push back from the gate on time but then wait $2$ feet from the gate until it is time to queue up for takeoff. This increases fuel consumption and increases the time that passengers must sit in a cramped plane awaiting takeoff.

Which of the following performance metrics would, if emphasized in evaluations, incentivize airlines to engage in such practices?

A performance metric that measures customer satisfaction, based on customer comfort while on the plane

A performance metric that measures timeliness of the flight, where a flight is considered $"$on time" as long as the plane takes off by the scheduled departure time.

A performance metric that measures timeliness of the flight, where a flight is considered $"$on time" as long as the flight is boarded and away from the gate by the scheduled departure time