Innovation can be defined as:

a$.$ all the knowledge, products, processes, tools, methods, and systems employed in the creation of goods or providing services.

b$.$ the elements of planning, implementation, and evaluation and control.

c$.$ the systematic gathering of information that leads to the generation of feasible alternatives for the firm.

d$.$ a coordinated set of actions that fulfill the firm's objectives, purposes, and goals.

e$.$ the process whereby new and improved products, processes, materials, and services are developed and transferred to a new plant or market where they are appropriate.