Instructions: 1. Please answer the questions in the space provided. 2. Please answer all of the questions. 3. Please support your answers by adding plots/ software outputs. 4. Please include the entire code you used for this exam. 5. Please upload through CANVAS. Can we use machine learning to identify bad hospitals? There is a heated discussion about the quality of care in U.S. hospitals. Recent studies in this area have suggested that the quality of care varies largely from one hospital to another. That is, some hospitals provide much better care to their patients than do other hospitals. Imagine you are one of the decision-makers in the public health domain and you are tasked with identifying the hospitals which have a quality of care less than that of the U.S. average. For this task, we have a data set from the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS.gov). The data includes useful information about the majority of hipspitals in the nation (3,502 hospitals). The target variable in our data set is called "low_rating", which is a binary variable that is equal to one if the overall quality rating of the hospital is below the U.S. average and is equal to zero if the overall quality rating of the hospital is equal to or above U.S. average. Your Task: Our objective is to construct classifiers that can precisely identify hospitals with ratings below the U.S. average. After thoroughly examining the data and eliminating missing values as "Not Available," please answer the following questions: Part I: Data Exploration (Notes: read through the data dictionary in Table 1) a) [10 points] Which type of hospital ("Acute Care Hospitals", "Critical Access Hospitals", or "Acute Care - Veterans Administration") is more likely to have a low rating (on average)? Please show evidence. b) [10 points] Do hospitals with Emergency Services have a better rating than the others on average? Please show evidence. c) [10 points] Imagine you received two proposals for building a new hospital. All things equal, if one of them proposes a "Government. State and another proposes "Government-Local", which one would you approve of? Why? d) [10 points] What are the best and the worst states in terms of the proportion of hospitals with low quality ratings? Please mention the five best states and five worst states.