Instructions: Replace the example wording in brackets below with your wording for each prompt.

IND101 Milestone 4 Template

1. Paraphrasing activity:

Quote from source (at least a few sentences):

[Example: "The transition to electrification of vehicles will probably be gradual, for three primary reasons: consumer caution when it comes to large purchases, the high initial cost of manufacturing electric vehicles, and pushback from vested interests. There will be special circumstances, such as in Norway, where rapid transitions are possible. But in places such as the United States, where the automotive market is large and diverse, and many players are involvedincluding the thousands of cities and states that impose rules and offer incentivesthe pace will be slower. Cost reductions will take time. Gasoline cars have benefited from a century of intensive development, while electric cars have been the focus of major manufacturers on a commercial scale only since about 2010" (Sperling, 2018, p. 15).]

Paraphrase of the quote above (A few sentences):

[Example: The shift from traditional vehicles to EVs (electric vehicles) was rapid in Norway, but the same pace is not expected in the United States, which has a much higher population, state and local laws to contend with, and a large and diverse auto industry. In addition, consumers are often hesitant about large purchases. This hesitance, along with the high costs for EV production, and pressure from oppositional groups, will slow the transition. While the cost of EV production will eventually decrease, this will take time; in comparison to gas-powered cars' long history, EVs have only been widely available since 2010 (Sperling, 2018).]

1. Integrating a short quote activity:

[Example: As Sperling (2018) argues, "petroleum-powered motor vehicles are a major contributor to climate change, emitting about 20 percent of all greenhouse gases worldwide" (p. 12). Reducing reliance on gasoline-powered vehicles by investing in the shift to electric vehicles can have a significant impact on climate change.]

1. Current list of 4 references in format (with a URL included):

[Examples:

Dua, R., & White, K. (2020). Understanding latent demand for hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles using large-scale longitudinal survey data of US new vehicle buyers. Energy Efficiency, 13(6), 1063-1074.http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=145259635&site=eds-live&scope=site

Graham, J. D., Belton, K. B., & Suri, X. (2021). How China beat the US in electric vehicle manufacturing and why it's time for the United States to get serious about industrial policies. Issues in Science & Technology, 37(2), 72-79.http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tfh&AN=149318105&site=eds-live&scope=site

Noori, M., & Tatari, O. (2016). Development of an agent-based model for regional market penetration projections of electric vehicles in the United States. Energy, 96, 215-230.http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edselp&AN=S0360544215016606&site=eds-live&scope=site

Sperling, D. (2018). Electric vehicles: Approaching the tipping point. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 74(1), 11-18.http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ulh&AN=127161734&site=eds-live&scope=site]