Instructions You are expected to provide answers for every question. You are encouraged to show all
Question:
Instructions
● You are expected to provide answers for every question. You are encouraged to show all of your work so that marks can be awarded for partially correct answers.
● Although you are encouraged to collaborate with your classmates, each of you is expected to submit a separate and distinct assignment.
● Use SVP (T) = 6.112 e[17.62 T / (243.12 + T)] where T is the environmental or dew-point temperature in oC; SVP is in hPa. Note that there is a SVP-from-T calculator available via Moodle.
● UseT(SVP)=(243.12/17.62)*{17.62*ln[SVP(T)/6.112]}/{17.62-ln[SVP(T)/ 6.112 ] } to retrieve the T (oC) from the SVP. Note that there is a T-from-SVP calculator available via Moodle.
1. With respect to Figure 1, and assuming the sufficient condition for condensation has already been met:
a. Apply the necessary condition to determine the base of the cloud. [1 mark]
b. By applying this necessary condition a second time, state the thickness of the
cloud. Enter this thickness as an altitude range in the first column of the table
below. [2 marks]
c. Based on Question 1(b) above, enter the thickness of the cloud-free layer (above
the cloud) as an altitude range in the first column of the table below. [1 mark]
2. Within the cloud identified in Question 1, and assuming that precipitation is occurring:
a. Which precipitation mechanism is most likely active? Add this to the table below in the "Process(es)" column corresponding to the "Cloud layer". [1 mark]
b. What is the state of hydrometeors that emerge from the base of the cloud? Add this to the table below in the "Precipitation Type" column corresponding to the layer below the "Cloud layer". [1 mark]
3. The Figure 1 profile for TENV intersects twice with the 0 °C isotherm.
a. Provide the altitudes corresponding to these two intersections. Add them to the
table below. [2 marks]
b. For the layer between these points of intersection:
i. State the active process. Add this to the table below. [1 mark]
ii. Is the process identified in Question 3(b)(i) an endothermic or exothermic
one? [1 mark]
iii. Inspired by the process identified in Question 3(b)(i), provide an
appropriate name for this layer, and enter it into the table below. [1 mark]
iv. Add the altitude range for this layer to the table below. [1 mark]
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v. What is the state of hydrometeors in this layer? Add this to the table below in the "Precipitation Type" column. [1 mark]
c. For the lowermost layer - i.e., the layer below the lower of the two points of intersection:
i. State the active process. Add this to the table below. [1 mark]
ii. Is the process identified in Question 3(c)(i) an endothermic or exothermic
one? [1 mark]
iii. Inspired by the process identified in Question 3(c)(i), provide an
appropriate name for this layer, and enter it into the table below. [1 mark]
iv. Add the altitude range for this layer to the table below. [1 mark]
v. What is the state of hydrometeors in this layer? Add this to the table below in the "Precipitation Type" column. [1 mark]
d. For the layer below cloud base, but above the second point of intersection: i. State the active process. Add this to the table below. [1 mark]
ii. Is the process identified in Question 3(d)(i) an endothermic or exothermic one? [1 mark]
iii. Inspired by the process identified in Question 3(d)(i), provide an appropriate name for this layer, and enter it into the table below. [1 mark]
iv. Add the altitude range for this layer to the table below. [1 mark]
4. Determine the slope of TENV versus altitude in °C/km for Figure 1 above 4.0 km. [3 marks]
5. Based upon values for TENV and TDEW obtained from Figure 1, verify the RH for any
altitude between 0 and 3 km or 7 to 10 km through calculations. [4 marks; work MUST
be shown]
6. Perform stability analyses for Figure 1 from the surface to an altitude of 5 km. In each
case, you should compare the temperature of the parcel with that of the environment.
Then state the stability and motion of the parcel. [10 marks]
7. Assume a hydrometeor diameter.
a. Determine the corresponding terminal velocity. [3 marks]
b. Determine the corresponding fall time assuming the hydrometeor descent begins
within the Question 3(a) altitude range. [2 marks]
c. State any additional assumptions required to make the determinations required
by questions 7(a) and/or 7(b). [1 mark]
Financial accounting
ISBN: 978-0136108863
8th Edition
Authors: Walter T. Harrison, Charles T. Horngren, William Bill Thomas