Question: Intro Java Questions: Q1: Why can a class variable of a base type be set to reference an object of a derived type, eg: Shape

Intro Java Questions:

Q1:

Why can a class variable of a base type be set to reference an object of a derived type, eg:

Shape s = new Circle("Blue", 1.0);

Q2:

How can the methods of a derived class access private instance variables of its base class?

Q3:

How is the caller's flow of control (sequence of statement execution) different when an exception is thrown from a method that it calls, vs. when the method returns normally?

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