It is generally agreed that the maximum packet lifetime on the Internet is roughly 2 minutes; i.e.,
Question:
It is generally agreed that the maximum packet lifetime on the Internet is roughly 2 minutes; i.e., either the packet arrives at the destination before that, or the TTL will have killed the packet by then. We know that the sequence number in TCP counts transmitted octets over a connection and wraps around once it reaches the largest possible sequence number. a) Calculate how long it will take for a TCP connection to wrap around over i) 56 Kpbs modem (old networks), ii) 10 Gbps network (today's networks). For simplicity, ignore lower layer protocols' (IP, Ethernet, ...) overhead. b) Explain why delayed/duplicate packets, such as those causing the Incorrect Duplicate Detection problem, suddenly become a serious problem for today's networks and not for the old networks. c) RFC 7323 suggests using PAWS (Protect Against Wrapped Sequences), whereby a 32-bit timestamp, set in the TCP header's options field by the sender, is used to detect duplicates. Explain how a timestamp would enable the receiver to detect duplicates. d) For the timestamp to work, do the sender's and the receiver's clocks need to be synchronized? Why?
An Introduction To Statistical Methods And Data Analysis
ISBN: 9781305465527
7th Edition
Authors: R. Lyman Ott, Micheal T. Longnecker