It is important to study the variations in health and health determinants by time place and person because this helps epidemiologists better compile, organize and analyze data. Time shows the occurrence of disease changes. These changes could occur regularly, and some are random and unpredictable. Displaying the patterns of disease occurrence by time is critical for monitoring disease occurrence in the community and for assessing whether the public health interventions made a difference. (CDC, 2023)

Describing the occurrence of disease by place provides insight into the geographic extent of the problem and its geographic variation. Characterization by place refers not only to place of residence but to any geographic location relevant to disease occurrence. The unit may be as large as a continent or country or as small as a street address, hospital wing, or operating room. Sometimes place refers not to a specific location at all but to a place category such as urban or rural, domestic or foreign, and institutional or noninstitutional. (CDC, 2023)

According to the CDC, personal characteristics may affect illness. Age and sex are included in almost all data sets and are the two most analyzed "person" characteristics. Organization and analysis of data by "person" may use inherent characteristics of people (for example, age, sex, race), biologic characteristics (immune status), acquired characteristics (marital status), activities (occupation, leisure activities, use of medications/tobacco/drugs), or the conditions under which they live (socioeconomic status, access to medical care). (CDC, 2023)

Many health organizations, both public and private, are focusing their efforts on social determinants of health and health equity. Social determinants of health are defined as the conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks. Health equity exists when all people, regardless of race, sex, sexual orientation, disability, socio-economic status, geographic location, or other societal constructs have fair and just access, opportunity, and resources to achieve their highest potential for health. (Dawes, 2020)

To coordinate efforts, having multiple entities collectively working together to review, gather, analyze and share data can make a greater impact and accelerate progress.

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