It is intended to design a speedometer system to measure the speed of an object falling...

 

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It is intended to design a speedometer system to measure the speed of an object falling through a column of water and display it on a PC. You are equipped with the following: A 1MHz clocked AVR ATmega32. Note, datasheet excerpt appended to this paper. Two optical sensors namely START and STOP located one meter apart. Each sensor goes high when the object passes it. A PC running HyperTerminal software with a functioning serial interface. Assume the following; Only PORTD.2 and PORTD.3 and the USART serial communication interface pins available. You are only allowed to use TCNTO. The most logical implementation is required. Answer the following questions: a) Discuss with the help of a block diagram (with pin connections and interfaces) how to implement the system. [4] b) Determine the value to load in TCCRO at a prescaler value of 1024 operating in the normal mode. What is the maximum and minimum speed measured without timer rollovers at this setting. [3] c) For a baud rate of 1200, asynchronous operating mode, 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit, determine the values to be loaded into the following registers; UCSRB, UCSRC, UBRRL. [3] d) Write the program to display the speed on the PC. [10] It is intended to design a speedometer system to measure the speed of an object falling through a column of water and display it on a PC. You are equipped with the following: A 1MHz clocked AVR ATmega32. Note, datasheet excerpt appended to this paper. Two optical sensors namely START and STOP located one meter apart. Each sensor goes high when the object passes it. A PC running HyperTerminal software with a functioning serial interface. Assume the following; Only PORTD.2 and PORTD.3 and the USART serial communication interface pins available. You are only allowed to use TCNTO. The most logical implementation is required. Answer the following questions: a) Discuss with the help of a block diagram (with pin connections and interfaces) how to implement the system. [4] b) Determine the value to load in TCCRO at a prescaler value of 1024 operating in the normal mode. What is the maximum and minimum speed measured without timer rollovers at this setting. [3] c) For a baud rate of 1200, asynchronous operating mode, 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit, determine the values to be loaded into the following registers; UCSRB, UCSRC, UBRRL. [3] d) Write the program to display the speed on the PC. [10]