Jack strikes another car, the force of which knocks it into a power line, that unbelievably falls over and electrocutes a bystander. Analyzing causation in the tort case against Jack filed on behalf of the electrocuted person,

$1)$ cause in fact is clear but proximate cause might not be found.

$2)$ neither cause in fact nor proximate cause are clear.

$3)$ Jack will be liable, at least as to causation.