JANUARY 2020 CONFIDENTIAL SECTION A (Total: 40 marks) INSTRUCTION: Answer ALL questions. Question 1 Since the inception of Project Management Institute (PMI) in 1969 and introduction of Theory of Constraint (TOC) also known as 'Iron Triangle' by Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt in 1975, academics and practitioners have sought to define criteria against which project success can be measured. Perhaps the most well-known criteria are encapsulated in the 'Iron Triangle' that places Scope, Time, and Cost as the pillars of project success. However, it has been suggested that whilst this triple constraint is important, it can also narrow the focus away from other crucial project success factors. As suggested by Brown (2008) and Wiegers (2019), the ToC need to be refreshed. Both raised their own ideology from different perspective which they think will generally fit into existing project management practices. Scope The Quadruple Constraint Cost Time Staff Quality . Craig Brown, 2008 Karl Wiegers, 2019 In your opinion, is there any need to refresh the Iron Triangle' as suggested by Brown and Wiegers? Explain the rationale of your decision. (10 marks)