Jay$$s Sporting Goods started as a small shop catering to the fly$-$fishing crowd but as requests were made for different and varied goods, it branched out into an outdoor$-$sports store. Jay caters to his core customer base of hunters and anglers but stocks the latest outdoor gear for those who want to incorporate other sports such as backpacking into their hunting and fishing experience. Due to space limitations$,$ he does not carry mountain bikes, but does carry gear for them.

Because Jay$$s is not located near the ocean or a large body of water, he does not carry water sports equipment, but he does carry gear that would be required for wading in cold mountain rivers and streams, and canoes and kayaks. His marketing is directed toward hunters and anglers, but includes activities, events, and sales aimed at bringing outdoor enthusiasts with other interests into his store. Over the past year, he has received numerous requests for rock climbing gear. As a result of these requests, Jay has entered into negotiations with three providers of high$-$quality rock$-$climbing shoes and gear. What do Jay$$s activities show about his marketing for Jay$$s Sporting Goods?

a$.$ He provides place utility for all outdoor sports enthusiasts.

b$.$ He has increased his production orientation.

c$.$ He has increased its sales orientation.

d$.$ He has a customer orientation and is acting on it$.$

e$.$ He does not understand the marketing concept.