Josh is in elementary school, and he has learned that when he gets good grades and behavior reports, his parents will be really proud of him and reward him. So he has developed a favorable attitude toward behaving and doing well in school. This attitude is serving which function? * utilitarian function knowledge function value-expressive function ego-defensive function Rami works so hard at his job. And sometimes he works overtime just to improve his income and gain monetary bonus. Rami's desire for the extra income is an example of the: * Expectancy theory Hedonic need Drive theory Behavioral theory Mary Chen is torn between going home for the holidays to visit her parents in China or going on a skiing trip with friends from college. Mary would love to be able to do both. Which of the following motivational conflicts will Mary most likely experience as she makes her decision? * O An orientation conflict An approach-approach conflict An approach-avoidance conflict An avoidance-avoidance conflict Magie wants to buy a puppy. She does some research and decides to buy an English springer spaniel rather than a Great Dane because they are smaller, more active and good with kids. Which type of attitude influenced her decision? * Behaviorally based attitude. Cognitively based attitude. Explicitly based attitude. Affectively based attitude. Seth Hernandez is sitting in a class that precedes lunch. His stomach begins to rumble and grumble. Instead of thinking about the day's lecture, Seth begins to think about lunch and his choice of places to eat. He even begins to narrow down the selection of foods that he might want for lunch. Seth is focusing on biological needs that are at present unfulfilled and have produced what might be thought of as an unpleasant state of arousal. Which of the following theories best describes Seth's experience? * Theory of cognitive dissonance Fact-and-find theory Emotional theory O Drive theory Nour always considers buying apple products more than any other alternatives. Apple products for Nour are considered: * : Revoked set Evoked set Problem recognition O Consideration set