4.A Tim Hortons location is having frequent issues with scaling in their coffee makers and have hired you to design a softening system. They specify that you must use excess lime softening. You have received the analysis (meq/L) for a water sample shown below: Species SO4- CI Ca+ Na* HCO3 Mg2+ CO meq/L 1.70 0.30 2.30 0.80 4.00 2.80 0.30 a) Draw a bargraph for the water sample before softening, being as precise as possible in labelling meq/L and species. b) Calculate the total amount of lime and soda ash required in milliequivalents/L c) After softening, what is the total hardness of the water? Reported as mg/L CaCO3 d) Why is excess lime needed for removing Mg hardness? e) What is a possible reason the cation/anions do not line up in (a)?