4.A Tim Hortons location is having frequent issues with scaling in their coffee makers and have...

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4.A Tim Hortons location is having frequent issues with scaling in their coffee makers and have hired you to design a softening system. They specify that you must use excess lime softening. You have received the analysis (meq/L) for a water sample shown below: Species SO4²- CI™ Ca²+ Na* HCO3 Mg2+ CO₂ meq/L 1.70 0.30 2.30 0.80 4.00 2.80 0.30 a) Draw a bargraph for the water sample before softening, being as precise as possible in labelling meq/L and species. b) Calculate the total amount of lime and soda ash required in milliequivalents/L c) After softening, what is the total hardness of the water? Reported as mg/L CaCO3 d) Why is excess lime needed for removing Mg hardness? e) What is a possible reason the cation/anions do not line up in (a)? 4.A Tim Hortons location is having frequent issues with scaling in their coffee makers and have hired you to design a softening system. They specify that you must use excess lime softening. You have received the analysis (meq/L) for a water sample shown below: Species SO4²- CI™ Ca²+ Na* HCO3 Mg2+ CO₂ meq/L 1.70 0.30 2.30 0.80 4.00 2.80 0.30 a) Draw a bargraph for the water sample before softening, being as precise as possible in labelling meq/L and species. b) Calculate the total amount of lime and soda ash required in milliequivalents/L c) After softening, what is the total hardness of the water? Reported as mg/L CaCO3 d) Why is excess lime needed for removing Mg hardness? e) What is a possible reason the cation/anions do not line up in (a)?

Answer rating: 100% (QA)

a Here is a bar graph representing the water sample before softening apache Copy Species meqL SO42 170 Cl 030 Ca2 230 Na 080 HCO3 400 Mg2 280 CO2 030 ... View the full answer