Let's assume a software program for the navigation on an armored vehicle has100 defectsin it.Furthermore, you have the following data -- the cost of each verification action, the cost of fixing any defects found by the verification action, and the probability of finding defects by the verification action.According to the data, a program would conduct aFormal Inspection at the cost of $1000, the program wouldfind 70% of the defects, and it would cost them at this stage of developing$500 per defect found to fix it.Assume any defects not found by the end of testing are released to operation and the soldiers discover the defects while using the vehicles in operations.

Noticehow the cost of fixing errors increases rapidly.This follows the well-known relationship that the cost of fixing a defect grows exponentially as discussed in class.

Cost to conduct method Cost to fix each defect

Walk-through $500 $250

Formal inspection $1,000 $500

Testing $5,000 $1,000

Operation ----- $10,000

Probability detect defect walk-through0.40Probability detect defect formal inspection0.70Probability detect defect testing0.80

Questions:

1. Calculate the V&V action cost, cost to fix defects, and the total cost of the following V&V policies:

1. NoV&V actions performed
2. AllV&V actions performed
3. Only Formal Inspection and Testingperformed
4. Only Testingperformed

2.What is thevalueto the program of doing V&V?As a program manager (and based on this simple example), what should you consider about your program when developing a V&V strategy?