maths
degree	mathsAdvantage
Hum	-23
Hum	-27
Hum	-29
Hum	-25
Hum	-20
Hum	-20
Hum	-20
Hum	-15
Hum	-15
Hum	-13
Hum	-13
Hum	-10
Hum	-10
Hum	-10
Hum	-10
Hum	-10
Hum	-5
Hum	-5
Hum	-5
Hum	-5
Hum	-5
Hum	-5
Hum	-5
Hum	-5
Hum	-5
Hum	-5
Hum	-4
Hum	-1
Hum	0
Hum	0
Hum	0
Hum	0
Hum	0
Hum	0
Hum	0
Hum	0
Hum	0
Hum	0
Hum	3
Hum	5
Hum	5
Hum	5
Hum	5
Hum	5
Hum	5
Hum	5
Hum	5
Hum	5
Hum	5
Hum	7
Hum	8
Hum	10
Hum	10
Hum	12
Hum	10
Hum	15
Hum	10
Hum	17
Hum	10
Hum	10
Hum	11
Hum	18
Hum	15
Hum	15
Hum	15
Hum	20
Hum	25
Hum	20
Hum	25
Hum	28
Hum	25
Hum	30
Hum	30
Hum	35
Hum	33
Hum	35
Hum	35
Hum	35
Hum	38
Hum	39
Hum	40
Hum	45
Hum	55
Hum	60
Med	-25
Med	-22
Med	-20
Med	-5
Med	-5
Med	0
Med	0
Med	1
Med	5
Med	10
Med	10
Med	15
Med	15
Med	15
Med	25
Med	30
Other	-20
Other	-15
Other	-10
Other	-10
Other	-5
Other	-5
Other	-1
Other	0
Other	0
Other	0
Other	0
Other	0
Other	3
Other	5
Other	5
Other	5
Other	10
Other	10
Other	12
Other	17
Other	20
Other	20
Other	25
Other	25
Other	30
Other	35
Other	30
Other	30
Other	40
Other	50
Other	55
Sci	-55
Sci	-45
Sci	-35
Sci	-25
Sci	-25
Sci	-23
Sci	-20
Sci	-15
Sci	-15
Sci	-15
Sci	-15
Sci	-15
Sci	-14
Sci	-12
Sci	-12
Sci	-11
Sci	-10
Sci	-10
Sci	-10
Sci	-10
Sci	-10
Sci	-10
Sci	-5
Sci	-5
Sci	-5
Sci	-5
Sci	-5
Sci	-5
Sci	-5
Sci	-2
Sci	-1
Sci	-1
Sci	-1
Sci	0
Sci	0
Sci	0
Sci	0
Sci	0
Sci	0
Sci	0
Sci	0
Sci	5
Sci	5
Sci	5
Sci	5
Sci	5
Sci	5
Sci	9
Sci	10
Sci	10
Sci	10
Sci	10
Sci	10
Sci	10
Sci	10
Sci	10
Sci	13
Sci	15
Sci	15
Sci	15
Sci	15
Sci	15
Sci	20
Sci	23
Sci	25
Sci	29
Sci	30
Sci	30
Sci	35

## Problem set 3: maths and readers' research areas Does adding maths to a scientific paper make readers think that it has more value, or does it depend on the reader's research area? Researchers sent two abstracts of scientific papers to each of 200 people with postgraduate degrees. Before sending the two abstracts to each person, the researchers chose one of the abstracts at random and added a meaningless sentence describing an unrelated mathematical model (the maths itself wasn't meaningless, but it had no conceptual link to the subject matter of the abstract). The other abstract had no maths added. Participants were asked to score the quality of the research in each abstract on a scale from 1 to 100, and to also state the research area of their postgraduate degree: science including maths and technology (Sci); medicine (Med); humanities including social science (Hum); or other (Other). Then, for each person, the researchers calculated the perceived advantage of adding maths to a paper (mathsAdvantage) as the score for the abstract with maths added minus the score for the abstract without maths added. The data are contained in the file "maths. cav', which you can load by running the chunk below. "{r } # Run this chunk to load the data for Problem set 3 maths Hum, Hum, Hum, Hum, Hum, Hum, Hum, Hum, Hum, Hum, . $ mathsAdvantage -23, -27, -29, -25, -20, -20, -20, -15, -15, -13, ... **EXERCISE 11: Based on the research description above, what are the null and alternate hypotheses of interest? (2 MARKS)** [Enter your response here] **EXERCISE 12: Report (with standard errors) the estimates that are the focus of the hypotheses above. You can work out your answer using the chunk below. (2 MARKS)** [Enter your response here] "{r} # Use this chunk to complete Exercise 12*'ExERCISE 13: what is the appropriate statistical analysis for testing the null hypothesis? What assumptions does the analysis make1 and do you think those assumptions are adequately met in this case? Explain why or why not. You can work out your answer using the chunk below. [4 MARK5)*' [Enter your response here] '{r} _ r a Use tois cqunk to complete Exerczses 13 and 14 {results here wilL also help you to answer Exercise 16} *'ExERCISE 14: After running the appropriate statistical analysis (which you can do in the chunk above}. do you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in EXERCISE 11, and why? Explain what this indicates about the effect of a reader's research area on the perceived advantage of adding maths to a paper. (2 HARKS]'* [Enter your response here] *'EXERCISE 15: Does the perceived advantage of adding maths to a paper differ significantly, on average. between readers from different research areas? Your answer should explain which readers differ and how [i.e., who perceives maths more or less positively than others]. You can work out your answer using the chunk below. (4 MARKS)** [Enter your response here] '{r} _ r # Use tqis {unk to complete Exercises 15 and 16 *'EXERCISE 15: Based on the research description and your analysis of the data. write a brief report of the results as though it was your own study. Follow the guidelines in the week ? workshop handout for reporting the results of a statistical analysis, providing all information necessary for readers to understand and properly evaluate the research outcomes. Be sure to use your own words (do not copy the week ? workshop handout). There is no minimum or maximum word limit, but a few sentences should suffice. C4 MARKS]'* [Enter your response here]