May 2018 Q3. There are 6 steps or sequences generally followed from conception of idea to the construction and operation of a chemical plant; process rescarch, preliminary process design, preliminary process evaluation, process dovelopment, final plant design, and final process evaluation. A chemically feasible process is fundamentally characterized by process research and pilot plant studies, followed by process design and development that can be scaled up with sufficient confidence level to a commercial plant. (a) [10 points] List ten major items that covers the process design and development of a chemical plant. (b) 110 points| When designing processes or facilities for some applications, process engineers must decide whether to opt for batch or continuous reactor operation. Briefly write start-up, nomal operating procedure and shutdown procedures for a batch reactor operation, including safety requirements. Q4. Distillation is the most widely used method in the chemical industry for separating components of a solution, which are relatively volatile and components of the solution are required to be separated in pure form. (a) [12 points] List and describe the steps in the overall design of a distillation column. (b) [ 8 points] Distillation is carried out either in a tray tower or a in a packod tower List and describe the criterion of selection between tray distillation tower and packed distillation tower. Q5. Storage tanks, reaction vessels, pipes, ductiog, ete, are eovered with linings in onter to give underlined structure protection against chemical attack, prevent contamination of the materials being processed, and minamize the effect of abrasion. list and describe with examples five commonly wisil tinings for chemical planin and equipunent