Module 4 - Background TYPES OF VARIABLES AND DATA ANALYSIS Required Reading Alvarez, C., Greene, J., Hibbard, J., & Overton, V. (2016). The role of primary care providers in patient activation and engagement in self-management: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 16, 85. Available via the Internet: Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). Descriptive statistics. Retrieved from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). Correlation. Retrieved from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statcorr.php Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). The T-Test. Retrieved from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/stat_t.php Khan Academy (2010, January 26). Central Limit theorem/Inferential statistics/Probality and Statistics. Retrieved April 10, 2016 from https://youtu.be/JNm3M9cqWyc? list=PLpBtsPaXxxLhPd6QVtqB5EjIs0LYGqWK_ Khan Academy (2010, November 2). Hypothesis testing and pvalues/Inferential statistics/Probability and Statistics. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/-FtlH4svqx4? list=PLpBtsPaXxxLhPd6QVtqB5EjIs0LYGqWK_ Khan Academy (2010, November 10). Chi-square distribution introduction/Probability and Statistics. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/dXB3cUGnaxQ? list=PLpBtsPaXxxLhPd6QVtqB5EjIs0LYGqWK_ Khan Academy (2011, August 11). Correlation and causality/Statistical studies/Probability and Statistics. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ROpbdO-gRUo? list=PLpBtsPaXxxLhPd6QVtqB5EjIs0LYGqWK_ Module 4 - Case TYPES OF VARIABLES AND DATA ANALYSIS Case Assignment Please read the following article, and address the questions that appear below in a fourpage paper: Alvarez, C., Greene, J., Hibbard, J., & Overton, V. (2016). The role of primary care providers in patient activation and engagement in self-management: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 16, 85. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-0161328-3 1 What research question did the authors set out to answer? 2 List the variables examined in this study. 3 What type of bias is inherent to the study design used in the study? 4 Which type of PCP is most likely to indicate more positive beliefs about the importance of patient knowledge and involvement in his/her care? (Table 1) 5 Identify the results that are statistically significant, list the highest tercile percentages for those items and their respective p-value. What does the difference in p-value mean? (Table 2) 6 What limitations were noted with regard to the study's findings and conclusions? Assignment Expectations 1 You are expected to incorporate relevant background readings into your responses. 2 Your paper should be written in your own words. This will enable me to assess your level of understanding. 3 In order to earn full credit, you must clearly show that you have read all required background materials. 4 Cite your references in the text of all papers and on the reference list at the end. For examples, look at the way the references are listed in the modules and on the background reading list. 5 Proofread your paper to be sure grammar and punctuation are correct and that each part of the assignment has been addressed clearly and completely. 6 Your assignment will not be graded until you have submitted an Originality Report with a Similarity Index (SI) score <20% (excluding direct quotes, quoted assignment instructions, and references). Papers not meeting this requirement by the end of the session will receive a score of 0 (grade of F). Do keep in mind that papers with a lower SI score may be returned for revisions. For example, if one paragraph accounting for only 10% of a paper is cut and pasted, the paper could be returned for revision, despite the low SI score. Please use the report and your SI score as a guide to improve the originality of your work. Length: 4 pages typed, double-spaced. Note: Wikipedia is not an acceptable source of information