Motivation has been defined as the process whereby goal$-$directed activities are initiated and sustained. In expectancyvalue theory, motivation is a function of the expectation of success and perceived value. Attribution theory focuses on the

causal attributions learners create to explain the results of an activity, and classifies these in terms of their locus, stability

and controllability. Social$-$ cognitive theory emphasises self$-$efficacy as the primary driver of motivated action, and also

identifies cues that influence future self$-$efficacy and support self$-$regulated learning. Goal orientation theory suggests that

learners tend to engage in tasks with concerns about mastering the content $($mastery goal, arising from a $$growth$$ mindset

regarding intelligence and learning$)$ or about doing better than others or avoiding failure $($performance goals, arising from a

$$fixed$$ mindset$).$ Finally, self$-$determination theory proposes that optimal performance results from actions motivated by

intrinsic interests or by extrinsic values that have become integrated and internalised. Satisfying basic psychosocial needs

of autonomy, competence and relatedness promotes such motivation. Looking across all five theories, we note recurrent

themes of competence, value, attributions, and interactions between individuals and the learning context.

QUESTION $1(20$ Marks$)$

Discuss motivation, and the three elements that make the motivation cycle.

QUESTION $2(20$ Marks$)$

Apply Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to inspire your employees, to understand their needs and how it impacts them.

SECTION B $[60$ MARKS$]$

Answer any THREE $(3)$ Questions in this Section

QUESTION $3(20$ Marks$)$

Discuss the new outlooks on leadership and their influence on leadership efficacy.

QUESTION $4(20$ Marks$)$

Examine the impact of politics and political behaviours on leadership.

QUESTION $5(20$ Marks$)$

Evaluate how the principal can integrate the Situational leadership approach into their school environment.

QUESTION $6(20$ Marks$)$

Distinguish the primary causes behind conflicts within an organisation.