mployees probably should not make the decision alone $($without the manager's involvement$)$ when:

elect one:

a$.$ their goals and norms conflict with the organization's objectives.

b$.$ they lack commitment to decisions made by the boss alone.

c$.$ they possess more knowledge than the manager.

d$.$ employees are likely to disagree with each other regarding the preferred solution.

e$.$ the problem calls for a nonprogrammed decision.