N 13 11 . 13 = 143 = 13 (mod 26) 13 N O 14 11 . 14 = 154 = 24 (mod 26) 24 Y S 18 11 . 18 = 198 = 16 (mod 26) 16 The ciphertext phrase "VD CDATH" gets created by replacing the "G" with a "O", replacing the "O" with a "Y", replacing the "N" with a "N", replacing the "O" with a "Y", replacing the "L" with a "R", replacing the "E" with a "S", and replacing the "S" with a "Q". A few important ideas about this process: . the character numbering starts with 0, not with 1 ; so "A" is the Oth letter of the alphabet " the character "N" didn't get replaced ; 13 times anything will be congruent to 13 in mod 26 because 13 is a factor of 26 " the value you multiply by is called a key ; in this example, 11 was the multiplicative key . the number of different keys that can be used depends on the modulus and is always less than the modulus value ; in this example, there are only 12 different additive keys available to use Questions to Answer Instructions: Answer the questions by hand-writing on a piece of paper the work you did to come up with your answer. Then, upload pictures of the papers with your hand-written work. Your grade will be based primarily on the work showing how you got to your answer; providing just the correct answer will receive a grade of at most 50% 1. Using the plaintext "BLUE SKY" demonstrate the use of 5 as the multiplicative key to generate the substitution ciphertext. 2. Using the plaintext "FLY DELTA" demonstrate what will cause confusion when using 2 as the multiplicative key to generate the substitution ciphertext