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Table 1: SBH fields (NIST report, CBEFF 2004, p.6) Field Name Required or Options SBH Security Options R Integrity Options R CBEFF Header Version Patron Header Version O 0 Biometric Type O Biometric Subtype O Biometric Data Type O Biometric Purpose O Biometric Data Quality Siometric Creation Date O O Validity Period O Description Deines Gata security This fold defines which the gry attribute goes with data Signature or MAC Patron Format Specification or Standard wer Biometric type ingerprint VOICE etc) Additional speciaion within a biometric type Level of processing applied to this data et processed, etc) intended use of the data genomen verification etc) Quality of the biometrica Creation date and time of the biometric data ValidFrom and valid until Dates for this record Test detect the applications sur Unique identifier for the biometric reference data in the records application space Number of CBEFF Structures in the level below this header's level in a CBEFF neste structure of the Group Vendor which defined the BOB BOB Format Type specified by the Format Owner Unique registereddentifier of the entity that created the biometric data Unge registered identifier of the patron format of the best lower nested level Defined by the Format Owner. Maybe encrypted Signature or MAC Only present of the SBH Security Options value is integ- rity Only or Privacy and Integrity Creator Index O O Subheader Basic Structure Count O BOB Format Owner R BOB FormatType R Product Identifier (PID) O Patron Formatientifier Biometric Data Block (BDB) R Signature R It can be concluded that each biometric record with this kind of structure is standardized and ready to be exchanged with the component or system that uses the same CBEFF format, and used as well for different purpose such as enrollment, verification, etc. 6.1.2 BDB (BIOMETRIC DATA BLOCK) This section according to NIST report ("CBEFF 2004) contains the biometric data of a certain modality iris. face, hand print, fingerprint, etc.) . It represents a memory block specified by the owner of the data type (modality). It can be standardized and non-standardized, depending on whether it is adopted by an official body, working group or consortium. Manufacturer, the official body for standardization, working group or consortium may determine that this field contains only the biometric template. Also they can determine the structure of the data with additional parameters and information. Patron format specifications may require that BDB must be encrypted (specially defined encryption) or uncoded, which is an optional security measure 6.1.3 SB (SIGNATURE BLOCK) This field contains a unique digital signature (content was determined by the patron format specification) and it is a security measure 6.2 CBEFF NESTED DATA STRUCTURE In the NIST report (CBEFF 2004) stands that nested structure exists when it comes to exchange of more then one biometric modality (fingerprint, face, voice, iris, etc.) simultaneously and/or more biometric data of one modality. It contains root header and sub-headers. Each sub-header corresponds to a certain modality In the Figure 4 (NIST report, CBEFF, 2004, p. 14) example of nested CBEFF structure is presented. This CBEFF record carries the data of two modalities voice and fingerprints. BDB sections are standardized or non-standardized. The record is protected by the signature. San Stroncino Productivity may be measured either on aggregate basis or on individual basis, which are called total and partial measure. Total productivity Index/measure = Total output/Total input = Total production of goods and services Labour+material+capital+Energy+management Partial productivity indices, depending upon factors used, it measures the efficiency of individual factor of production Labour productivity Index/Measure = Output in unit Man hours worked Management productivity Index/Measure = Output Total cost of management Machine productivity Index/Measure Total output Machine hours worked Land productivity Index/Measure = Total output Area of Land used Partial Measure = Output or Output or Output or Output Labour Capital Materials Energy PROBLEMS: : Example-1 The input and output data for an industry given in the table. Find out various productivity measures like total, multifactor and partial measure. Output and Input production data in dollar ($) Output 1. Finished units 2. Work in progress 3. Dividends 4. Bonds 5. Other income 10.000 2.500 1.000 Input 1. Human 2. Material 3. Capital 4. Energy 5. Other Expenses 3.000 153 10.000 540 1,500 Other fields for the measurement of partial measures of productivity are: y 2 Business Productivity Measure Restaurant Customers (Meals) per labour hour Retail Store Sales per square foot Utility plant Kilowatts per ton of coal Paper mill Tons of paper per cord of wood Example-2 A furniture manufacturing company has provided the following data. Compare the labour, raw materials and supplies and total productivity of 1996 and 1997, Output: Sales value of production in dollar ($) 22,000 (in 1996) and 35,000 (in 1997) 1996 1997 Inputs: Labour 10.000 15,000 Raw materials and Supplies 8,000 12,500 Capital equipment depreciation 700 1,200 Other 2,200 4.800 Forecast Week 1 2 3 3 4 Demand 650 678 720 693 INPUT Material Machines Labor Exponential Smoothing F-D + (1 - a) F where F- =forecast for next period D -actual demand for present period F-previously determined forecast for present period a =weighting factor, smoothing constant Effect of Smoothing Constant 0.0 Sas 1.0 If a=0.20, then F-1=0.20 D, +0.80 F, If a=0, then Fr=0D+I FF, Forecast does not reflect recent data If a = 1, then F=1D,+OF=D Forecast based only one most recent data on Question: Given the weekly demand data, what are the exponential smoothing forecasts for periods 10h using a 0.10 and a-0.60? Assume F-D 1 Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Demand 820 775 680 655 750 802 798 689 775